《植物生理学报》 2011, 47(9): 823-830

交替灌溉的节水调质机理及同位素技术在作物水分利用研究中的应用

杜太生¹, 康绍忠¹, 张建华^2,*

1中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心, 北京100083; 2香港浸会大学生物系, 香港

通信作者：张建华；E-mail: jzhang@hkbu.edu.hk；Tel: 852-34117350

摘　要：

基于节水灌溉技术原理与作物感知缺水的根源信号理论而提出的根系分区交替灌溉, 是交替对作物部分根区进行正 常的灌溉, 其余根区受到适度水分胁迫的灌溉方式。应用同位素示踪技术追溯分根区交替供水条件下土壤-作物系统水分 运转途径并揭示其节水调质机理是一个重要的研究方向。本文对根系分区交替灌溉的节水调质效应、节水机理、稳定性 氢氧同位素在植物水分运移中的应用以及稳定性碳同位素在植物水分利用效率中的应用研究进展及应用前景作了简要介 绍, 并对将来需要重点研究的方向作了展望。以期为充分挖掘作物生理节水潜力, 大幅度提高作物水分利用效率和实现节 水、丰产、优质、高效的综合目标提供有效的调控途径。

关键词：分区交替灌溉; 同位素技术; 水分传输; 作物品质; 水分利用效率

收稿：2011-07-05   修定：2011-07-21

资助：国家自然科学基金项目(51079147, 50939005)和香港RGC项目(HKBU 262307)。

Water-Saving and Crop Quality Improvement of Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation and Application of Isotope Technology in the Research of Crop Water Use

DU Tai-Sheng¹, KANG Shao-Zhong¹, ZHANG Jian-Hua^2,*

¹Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; ²Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Jian-Hua; E-mail: jzhang@hkbu.edu.hk; Tel: 852-34117350

Abstract:

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) is a new irrigation technique and requires that approximately half of the root system is exposed to drying soil while the remaining half is irrigated as in full irrigation. This irrigation method can reduce plant water consumption and is based on theory of root-to-shoot long distance signaling and regulation. To understand its mechanism and other effects on the crop quality, it is important to investigate the water movements and hydraulic connections between the dry and wet root-zones and from soil to the roots, xylem, leaves and fruits. Stable hydrogen isotopic tracing and carbon isotopic implicating technology provides a promising tool for such research. In this review, the effects of APRI on water-saving and fruit quality improving; application of stable hydrogen isotopic tracing in water transformation and carbon isotopic implicating on water use efficiency are discussed; and some important scientific issues which should be studied in the future are also commented. It is expected that APRI should have the potential to improve crop water use efficiency, maintain yield and enhance product quality so that agricultural resources are most effectively used.

Key words: alternate partial root-zone irrigation; isotope technology; water transport; crop quality; water use efficiency